Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions
Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions focuses on the novel technologies and/or approaches to provide and characterize chemical and biological and applied sciences. The journal focuses on the discoveries, studies, analysis and inventions in biological and applied sciences with a scientific rigor and impact on the research that: Enables and improves the target validation Evaluates current applications and technologies Provides novel research tools and methodologies Carry out the analysis and inventions Incorporates research approaches that enhance the depth of knowledge and applications Success discovery The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines. Special issues are often devoted to specific emerging areas of study with guest editors assisting in the editorial process. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3773 IFSIJ JIF: 7.825 Journal Abbreviation: Web discov.
THE SHARE OF SMALL BUSINESS IN GDP AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
This article scientifically analyzes the share of small business in gross domestic product (GDP) and its impact on the country's economic growth. The study examines the experience of developed and developing countries, particularly the indicators of the small business sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The article quantitatively and qualitatively assesses the contribution of small business to employment, innovation, regional development and export potential. The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing policy recommendations for supporting small business.
(English): Small business, gross domestic product, economic growth, entrepreneurship, economic policy, employment, innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A COMPLEX OF ART FORMS USED IN SHAPING THE ARTISTIC IMAGE OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: SCULPTURE AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITIONS (BASED ON THE CITY OF NAMANGAN)
This article analyzes the role of sculpture and three-dimensional compositions in shaping the artistic image of the urban environment. The study is conducted using the city of Namangan as a case study, specifically analyzing the artistic and spatial organization of Chorsu Square. The research methodology is based on visual analysis, field observations, and a comparison of historical and contemporary urban environments. The results demonstrate that the lack of artistic elements in modern areas reduces the aesthetic quality and social appeal of the environment. The article proposes a conceptual model for the development of public spaces based on interactive art objects.
Urban environment, sculpture, art object, spatial composition, city identity, Namangan.
KITOB DISTRICT TOURISM CAPACITY: VISITORSHIP, AGROTURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
This article analyzes the tourism potential of Kitab district based on pilgrimage and agrotourism. The natural, geographical, historical and cultural resources of the region are assessed, and strategies for their effective use and sustainable development are proposed. The issues of developing tourism infrastructure and increasing the participation of the local population are also covered.
Kitab district, tourism potential, pilgrimage tourism, agrotourism, sustainable development, tourism infrastructure, local resources, regional development.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN TECHNICUM-LEVEL INSTITUTIONS: A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH TO INTEGRATING ACADEMIC LEARNING WITH INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE
The contemporary landscape of vocational education is characterized by a growing disconnect between formal academic preparation and the practical competency demands of an increasingly dynamic labor market. This article addresses the structural inefficiency of theory-dominant instruction in technicum-level institutions (TLIs) and proposes the “Dual Education System” as a strategic mechanism for curriculum-practice transformation. By integrating educational institutions, industrial enterprises, and state regulatory bodies into a unified ecosystem, the dual model aims to harmonize learning outcomes with employer expectations and strengthen the long-term employability of graduates.
Vocational education management, dual education system, competency-based approach, technicum-level institutions, workplace learning, public-private partnership.
EFFICIENCY OF FUNDS ALLOCATED TO ENSURE EMPLOYMENT
This article will analyze the issues of improving the efficiency of the funds allocated for the employment of the population and their economic significance. Currently, the country is undergoing a wide range of reforms aimed at increasing population employment, reducing unemployment and expanding citizens ' sources of income. In particular, special attention is paid to ensuring the stability of the labor market by creating new jobs, vocational training, and developing small businesses and private entrepreneurship. At the same time, the effective and targeted allocation of financial resources by the state is one of the main factors determining the effectiveness of these processes. The article examines in depth the mechanisms for financing programs aimed at ensuring employment, the distribution of funds across sectors and regions, and their practical results. The criteria used to assess the effectiveness of allocated funds, as well as the status of monitoring and control systems, will also be analyzed.
Population employment, employment policy, state budget, financial resources, efficiency of funds, job creation, unemployment rate, poverty reduction, social protection, employment programs, economic efficiency, financial mechanisms, territorial development.
GAME-BASED STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ABSTRACT VOCABULARY TO PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This scientific article explores the effectiveness of game-based strategies in teaching abstract vocabulary to primary school students. Abstract vocabulary (e.g., justice, courage, freedom, emotion) presents a significant challenge in language education due to its lack of physical referents. Traditional rote-learning methods often fail to provide the deep semantic understanding required for young learners. This paper argues that game-based learning (GBL) bridges the gap between concrete experience and abstract conceptualization by leveraging motivation, context, and social interaction. Through a review of constructivist learning theories (Piaget, Vygotsky) and recent empirical studies, this article identifies key game mechanics—such as role-play, storytelling, and digital gamification—that facilitate comprehension. The findings suggest that when abstract words are embedded in meaningful, playful contexts, primary school students demonstrate higher retention rates, improved pragmatic usage, and increased intrinsic motivation.
Game-based learning, abstract vocabulary, primary education, lexical acquisition, constructivism, motivation.
THE HISTORY OF ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF US DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE NATIONAL CURRENCY MARKET
This article analyzes the history of the impact of the US dollar exchange rate on the national currency market. The research examines the influence of exchange rate fluctuations on economic stability, historical changes, and their consequences. The formation period of the currency market of Uzbekistan and the issues of reducing the level of dollarization are highlighted.
National currency, US dollar, history of the currency market, devaluation, exchange rate fluctuation, inflation, currency reforms, convertibility.
EFFECTIVE AGROTECHNICAL METHODS OF ALMOND GROWING IN ARRID AREAS
This article analyzes modern and effective agrotechnical methods of almond cultivation in arid and water-scarce areas. During the research, the issues of maintaining soil moisture, introducing drip irrigation systems and choosing drought-resistant varieties were studied. Also, scientific conclusions are given on the effect of shaping and fertilizing trees on productivity.
Almond, drought, agrotechnics, drip irrigation, productivity, mulching, soil fertility, water-saving technologies.
DIGITAL ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR TRANSFORMING MANAGEMENT IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The contemporary landscape of vocational education management is characterized by an increasing gap between the volume of institutional data generated daily and the capacity of traditional administrative systems to interpret, synthesize, and act upon that data effectively. This article addresses the structural inefficiency of data-blind governance in vocational education institutions (VEIs) and proposes the “Digital Analytical Management Framework” (DAMF) as a strategic mechanism for evidence-based institutional transformation. By integrating real-time performance dashboards, predictive analytics engines, and competency-tracking platforms into a unified digital ecosystem, the DAMF aims to enhance administrative responsiveness, reduce resource misallocation, and align educational outcomes with labour market demands. The first part of this study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of data-driven management, drawing upon Total Quality Management (TQM) principles and Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) theory. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a “reactive administration” model to a “predictive governance” model in the management of vocational training institutions across Uzbekistan.
Vocational education management, digital analytical tools, evidence-centered design, data-driven governance, Uzbekistan education reform, competency assessment, institutional analytics, predictive management.
PROJECT-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION
The integration of digital technologies into higher education has created new opportunities for improving the quality and flexibility of English language instruction. However, the effectiveness of e-learning largely depends on systematic planning and management rather than the simple use of technological tools. This study aims to examine the design, implementation, and evaluation of an e-learning system for English language teaching using a project-based approach. The research was conducted at a private higher education institution in Tashkent and involved 100 undergraduate students at the B1 level. The e-learning course was developed and managed using the ADDIE instructional design model and implemented as a supplementary component to traditional face-to-face instruction over an eight-week period. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test results, platform activity records, course completion statistics, and a student satisfaction survey.
E-learning, English language teaching, project-based learning, ADDIE model, project management in education, blended learning, higher education, digital learning, student engagement, instructional design.
METHODOLOGY OF DIGITAL ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The contemporary landscape of vocational education is characterized by a widening gap between the competencies certified through traditional assessment instruments and the actual professional readiness demanded by employers in rapidly evolving labor markets. This article addresses the systemic inefficiency of conventional, paper-based examination methods in capturing the multidimensional nature of professional competencies and proposes a comprehensive digital assessment methodology as a strategic mechanism for transforming competency evaluation in vocational education institutions (VEIs). By integrating formative digital tools, adaptive testing platforms, and employer-validated competency matrices into a unified assessment ecosystem, the proposed methodology aims to enhance assessment validity, increase transparency of evaluation processes, and align certification outcomes with real-sector workforce requirements. The first part of this study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of competency-based assessment, drawing upon the Evidence-Centered Design framework and the Constructive Alignment theory. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a summative, knowledge-recall model to a continuous, performance-based digital assessment paradigm that captures both cognitive and applied dimensions of professional competence.
Vocational education management, digital assessment methodology, Evidence-Centered Design, competency-based evaluation, adaptive testing platforms, formative assessment ecosystem, professional competency measurement.
DIDACTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF DUAL EDUCATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS: ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
The contemporary landscape of teacher education in Uzbekistan is characterized by a persistent disconnect between the theoretical preparation of future educators and the practical demands of modern pedagogical environments. This article addresses the structural inefficiencies inherent in the conventional lecture-based model of pedagogical training and proposes dual education as a strategic didactic mechanism for transforming the quality of professional preparation of future educators. By integrating vocational education institutions, general education schools, and pedagogical research centers into a unified ecosystem of competency development, the dual education model aims to bridge the theory-practice divide, enhance graduate employability, and cultivate adaptive pedagogical competencies aligned with twenty-first century educational standards. The first part of this study critically analyzes the didactic foundations of dual education, drawing upon Dewey’s experiential learning theory and the competency-based education framework advanced by European qualification standards. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a knowledge-transmission paradigm to a competency-formation paradigm in the professional training of educators.
Dual education, didactic opportunities, professional training, future educators, competency-based education, experiential learning, vocational education institutions, pedagogical practice.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING SCHOOL REVIEWS AND COMPETITIONS IN UZBEKISTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
This article presents a comparative analysis of the organization of school reviews and competitions in Uzbekistan, Finland, South Korea, and Russia. Drawing on regulatory documents, international assessment data (PISA 2022), and scholarly literature, the study identifies the pedagogical conditions, governance mechanisms, and assessment frameworks that underpin each country’s approach to academic olympiads, creative contests, and intellectual competitions in general education schools. The analysis reveals three distinct models: Finland’s non-competitive individual development model, South Korea’s high-stakes competitive model, and Uzbekistan’s hybrid model that combines centralized olympiad governance with diverse creative and intellectual contests. Based on the comparative findings, the article proposes evidence-based recommendations for enhancing Uzbekistan’s competition system through formative assessment integration, project-based competition formats, unified digital portfolios, and expanded international participation.
School review-competition, subject olympiad, general education, comparative analysis, PISA, assessment system, student creativity, gifted education, academic competition governance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY OF SERVICES: A MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SERVICE ENTERPRISES
In this scientific article the relationship between the competitive environment and the quality of services in the service market is analyzed from a microeconomic approach. The level of competition between firms in the service market has a direct impact not only on price policy, but also on service quality, innovation and consumer satisfaction. The study conducts a theoretical analysis based on market structure, service differentiation, demand elasticity, and profit maximization model. It is also substantiated that the increase in the quality of service is the main factor forming the competitive advantage.
Competitive environment, quality of service, microeconomic analysis, elasticity of demand, market structure, differentiation.
MECHANISMS OF FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
This article addresses the critical challenge of forming and implementing a strategic management model in vocational education institutions of Uzbekistan, where traditional administrative approaches have proven insufficient for meeting the rapidly evolving demands of the modern labor market. The study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of strategic management in education, drawing upon Total Quality Management (TQM), the PDCA cycle, and internationally recognized quality assurance frameworks including EQAVET and ISO 21001. The author proposes a structural-functional model comprising institutional-strategic, organizational-structural, and monitoring-evaluative blocks, validated through a quasi-experimental study involving 232 students and 170 administrative leaders across three polytechnics. Results demonstrate a 13.29% increase in education quality indicators in experimental groups and a 15.6% improvement in strategic management competencies among institutional leaders. The article concludes with recommendations for systemic adoption of evidence-based strategic management in vocational education.
strategic management model, vocational education quality, institutional management, PDCA cycle, Total Quality Management, education quality integral indicator, competency-based assessment, labor market alignment.
SUFFIXES は(WA) AND が(GA) IN JAPANESE: ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES
This article analyzes the negative impact of several factors on road capacity. The factors causing traffic jams were studied and analyzed based on the results of research and inspections.
Traffic jams, road traffic accidents, research on the impact on capacity, hazards, trees, buildings, winter and summer, driver, sharply limiting capacity, Road surveillance.
MODERN METHODS OF PREVENTING TRAFFIC ON CENTRAL CITY STREETS
JAPANESE FORMS OF "OBLIGATION" AND "ADVICE": ANALYSIS OF SHOULD, MUST, BETTER
This article examines three Japanese grammar forms — 〜べき (should), 〜なければならない (must), 〜ほうがいい (better to). It analyzes their similarities and differences in expressing obligation, recommendation, and advice. The meaning, usage context, and level of formality of each form are illustrated with examples. This article helps learners understand which form is appropriate in different situations and serves as a practical guide for correctly using Japanese grammar forms.
〜べき, 〜なければならない, 〜ほうがいい, obligation, advice, Japanese grammar, semantics, context.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION BASED ON INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
The article developed prospects and practical mechanisms for the development of product production in the Namangan region on the basis of international standards. The study summarized international empirical evidence (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001) on the impact of standard implementation on enterprise outcomes and linked to local institutional conditions. The presence of a free economic zone (“Namangan” EIZ) in the Namangan region provides additional opportunities for investment and the placement of exportbop production. As a result of the article, a “5-Step roadmap”, a support package for state and territorial institutions, a KPI at the enterprise level, and a cost–benefit (CBA) assessment model were proposed. Accordingly, the implementation of standardization with the integration of technological modernization and training of personnel was based on the fact that Namangan is a real prospect of increasing the competitiveness of exports and the domestic market.
Roadmap, ISO certification, free economic zone, investment, CBA, KPI, Namangan.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ARTISTIC THINKING AND VISUAL PERCEPTION IN VISUAL ARTS
This article investigates the theoretical foundations of artistic thinking and visual perception within the domain of visual arts, emphasizing their inseparable cognitive and aesthetic relationship. Artistic thinking is approached not as an auxiliary intellectual process or an innate creative ability, but as a historically and culturally conditioned mode of cognition that emerges through structured visual perception. From an authorial perspective, visual perception in art is conceptualized as an active, meaning-generating process in which sensory experience is transformed into aesthetic judgment, symbolic interpretation, and reflective awareness. The study critically engages with classical and contemporary theories of perception, aesthetics, and artistic cognition, revealing the limitations of approaches that isolate perception from thinking or reduce artistic understanding to technical skill acquisition. Through a theoretical-analytical methodology, the article demonstrates that artistic thinking develops within the internal logic of visual perception, where seeing functions as a form of intellectual activity rather than passive observation. The findings argue that visual arts constitute a unique epistemological field in which perception and thinking operate as a unified process, shaping artistic consciousness and aesthetic experience. The article concludes that a systematic theoretical understanding of this unity is essential for advancing art theory, art education, and the broader study of visual culture.
Artistic thinking; visual perception; visual arts theory; aesthetic cognition; artistic consciousness; visual culture; perception and meaning.
This article extends the analysis of meaning-making in communication by introducing the concept of framing. Drawing on interdisciplinary traditions from sociology, artificial intelligence, semantics, and linguistics, it conceptualizes a frame as a structured portion of background knowledge related to a specific area of the environment. Frames guide communication, shape behavioral expectations, support inferences, and are closely linked to particular lexical and grammatical choices.
Framing; Frame; Communication; Conceptual Metaphor Theory; Metaphor; Context; Discourse; Meaning-making; Cognitive Linguistics.
SYNTHESIS OF SNO₂ METAL OXIDE FILMS AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS GASES
In this study, a tin dioxide (SnO₂)-based metal oxide film was deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate using the spray–pyrolysis technique of the sol–gel method. The influence of isothermal annealing on the structural and electrical properties of the obtained films was investigated, demonstrating that this treatment enhances the operational stability of the sensor. For SnO₂ metal oxide materials, the most critical and informative parameter is electrical conductivity (or resistivity), as even small variations in the analyzed gas concentration cause significant changes in the film’s electrical resistance. The results indicate that SnO₂-based gas sensors exhibit high sensitivity to gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), freons, ethanol vapors, chlorine vapors, and hydrogen (H₂). For these gases, the sensors’ sensitivity, operating temperature, and electrical characteristics were determined, allowing an assessment of their potential practical applications. The findings demonstrate that SnO₂ metal oxide films are promising candidates as gas-sensing elements for environmental monitoring and industrial safety systems.
SnO₂ metal oxide, sol–gel, film, sensor, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol.
ORGANIZATION AND STAGES OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON DEVELOPING HISTORICAL THINKING OF PRE-SERVICE HISTORY TEACHERS THROUGH MUSEUM PEDAGOGY
This article explores the organization and staged implementation of experimental work aimed at developing historical thinking among pre-service history teachers through museum pedagogy. The study reconceptualizes the museum environment not as a supplementary excursion space but as an educational laboratory in which historical knowledge is constructed through systematic engagement with material evidence, primary sources, and cultural heritage. Employing a quasi-experimental research design, the study is organized as a continuous classroom–museum–classroom didactic cycle comprising diagnostic, formative, and control stages. The article details participant selection criteria, procedures for ensuring comparability between experimental and control groups, assessment instruments, evaluation criteria, and ethical considerations. Special emphasis is placed on aligning instructional and assessment practices with core operations of historical thinking, including source-based reasoning, contextualization, causal explanation, interpretation, and reflective analysis. The study demonstrates that museum pedagogy, when methodologically structured, constitutes an effective resource for strengthening procedural dimensions of historical thinking in history teacher education.
Museum pedagogy; historical thinking; pre-service history teachers; quasi-experimental design; reflection.
MECHANISMS FOR ACTIVATING EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS: A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR DEMAND-LED VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
The alignment of vocational education outcomes with labor market requirements is the central challenge of modern human capital development policies. Professional standards serve as the fundamental “genetic code” of this alignment, translating abstract industry needs into concrete educational outcomes.
Professional Standards, Employer Engagement, Vocational Education and Training (VET), Skills Mismatch, Institutional Theory, Labor Market Intelligence, National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
FEATURE FILM AS A MEDIA EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS
This paper discusses how feature films can be used as a media education technology in English language lessons, especially with learners at the middle and upper-secondary stage (approximately CEFR A2–B2). Films offer rich, multimodal input: learners do not rely only on words, but also on facial expressions, gestures, setting, and tone of voice. Because of this, films can support comprehension, motivation, and communicative practice. However, film-based lessons often fail when teachers either turn the classroom into a cinema or reduce the work to translation and vocabulary lists. To avoid these extremes, the paper proposes a practical classroom framework: selecting short scenes with clear communicative value, defining a specific speaking goal (e.g., requesting clarification, negotiating, persuading), using a staged task sequence (pre–while–post), and assessing performance with simple, transparent criteria. A sample lesson model is provided to demonstrate how film scenes can develop listening skills, pragmatic competence, fluency through chunks, and interactive speaking. The paper argues that films become most effective when they function not as entertainment, but as structured media texts that help learners interpret meaning and communicate it in realistic contexts.
Feature film; media education; English language teaching; multimodal input; communicative approach; pragmatics; scaffolding.
PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS IN THE PROCESS OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION
This article analyzes the importance of pedagogical skills, its content and main components in the effective implementation of spiritual and moral education from a scientific point of view. The article explores the role of the teacher in the process of spiritual and moral education, his methodological and communicative skills, as well as the mechanisms of formation of moral values in students in the educational process. The results of the research show a strong relationship between pedagogical skills and the effectiveness of spiritual-moral education. At the same time, the article presents modern pedagogical approaches and practical recommendations that serve to strengthen moral education in the education system.
Spiritual and moral education, pedagogical skills, ethical values, educational process, pedagogical approaches, upbringing of students.
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZING THE ACCOUNT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS
This article examines the progress achieved in agriculture, identifies existing challenges in the accelerated transition of accounting to international standards, and outlines the essence and key provisions of IAS 41 "Agriculture." The article presents the differences between NAS and IAS in accounting for biological assets, the challenges of accounting for biological assets based on IAS 41, and solutions.
Agricultural products, biological assets, biotransformation process, recognition and evaluation of biological assets, initial cost, fair value.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY: DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING METHODOLOGY
This article examines theoretical and practical approaches to assessing the efficiency of small business and entrepreneurial activity. The study analyzes the main economic indicators used in efficiency assessment and identifies their advantages and limitations. Directions for improving the methodology of evaluating the performance of small business entities under modern market conditions are proposed. The article also substantiates the applicability of assessment results in managerial decision-making processes.
Small business, entrepreneurship, efficiency, assessment, economic indicators, methodology, managerial decisions.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF USING FIXED PRODUCTION ASSETS IN ENTERPRISES
This article examines the scientific and methodological aspects of improving the efficiency of using fixed production assets in construction enterprises. The role of fixed assets in the production process, their technical condition, and the key factors influencing economic efficiency are analyzed. In addition, practical ways to enhance fixed asset utilization efficiency are proposed based on fixed asset turnover, fixed asset profitability, and depreciation policy. The research findings contribute to increasing production efficiency in construction enterprises and improving managerial decision-making.
Fixed production assets, efficiency, fixed asset turnover, fixed asset profitability, depreciation, construction enterprise.
PHYTOPLANKTON DEVELOPMENT DEPENDING ON THE SEASON OF THE YEAR IN THE PONDS OF TREATMENT FACILITIES
This article discusses the ecological- floral analysis of natural population of algal ponds used as biological ponds - reservoirs, clarifiers.
Pond, algae, flora, al′goflora, saprobity, systematic, filtering, season.