Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing
Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing is an international medium for dissemination of original results and interpretative reviews concerning the field of medicine, medical practices and nursing. The journal emphasizes the evaluation of systems in healthcare settings. The scope of journal covers: Information systems, including national or international registration systems, hospital information systems, departmental and/or physician's office systems, document handling systems, electronic medical record systems, standardization, systems integration etc.; Computer-aided medical decision support systems using heuristic, data structure, algorithms, statistical methods as exemplified in decision theory, protocol development, artificial intelligence and, machine learning studies among other techniques to new knowledge discovering. Educational computer-based programs pertaining to medical informatics or medicine in general; Organizational, economic, social, clinical impact, ethical and cost-benefit aspects of IT applications in health care. Essential practice, management, education and health promotion skills required by medical and nursing professionals. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3765 IFSIJ JIF: 7.555 Journal Abbreviation: Web med.
SIMULTANEOUS PROCEDURES IN BARIATRIC SURGERY: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
The global escalation of morbid obesity has established bariatric surgery as the gold standard for long-term weight loss and metabolic improvement. A significant proportion of bariatric candidates present with concomitant surgical pathologies, most notably cholelithiasis and abdominal wall hernias. The decision to perform simultaneous (concomitant) procedures-combining bariatric surgery with another surgical intervention-remains a subject of intense debate among surgeons. Proponents argue for the benefits of a single anesthetic episode and cost-effectiveness, while critics highlight concerns regarding increased operative time, infectious risks, and perioperative complications. This review examines the current evidence regarding the safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes of simultaneous bariatric procedures.
Bariatric surgery, Simultaneous procedures, Concomitant surgery, Cholecystectomy, Ventral hernia repair, Hiatal hernia, Postoperative complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF STRESS
Stress is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon that significantly affects human health and well-being. This study aims to analyze the psychological and physiological impacts of stress, with a particular focus on its short-term adaptive functions and long-term pathological consequences. Acute stress can enhance cognitive performance and adaptive responses through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. However, chronic stress leads to dysregulation of these systems, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, impaired immune function, and increased vulnerability to various diseases. From a psychological perspective, prolonged stress is strongly associated with emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression, irritability, and cognitive impairments including reduced attention, memory deficits, and impaired decision-making. Physiologically, chronic stress contributes to the development of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic dysfunction, gastrointestinal disturbances, and weakened immune responses. The findings highlight the importance of early stress management interventions, including behavioral, cognitive, and lifestyle-based strategies such as physical activity, mindfulness practices, and social support. Understanding the multidimensional nature of stress is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment approaches aimed at improving overall health outcomes.
Stress, psychological effects, physiological effects, cortisol, HPA axis, mental health.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDED BONE REGENERATION USING PLATELET-RICH PLASMA IN PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL SECONDARY EDENTULISM
Dental implantation remains a promising and widely used method for the treatment of dentition defects, effectively restoring the functions of the dentoalveolar system and correcting facial aesthetic deficiencies. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of guided tissue regeneration using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with partial secondary edentulism. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the study objectives, 50 patients diagnosed with “Partial secondary edentulism of the maxilla” were examined. All patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Main group): 25 patients aged 21–36 years with bone deficiency confirmed by radiological examination, treated using guided bone regeneration (GBR) with platelet-rich plasma. Group 2 (Comparison group): 25 patients aged 25–45 years with bone deficiency confirmed radiographically, treated using conventional guided bone regeneration techniques. Research methods included clinical, radiological, and statistical analyses. Results: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed pronounced bone atrophy (2.2–3.6 mm in width) in all patients of the main group, while bone height was sufficient (11.0–15 mm). Preoperative bone mineral density was assessed in all patients. Six months after guided bone regeneration, CT scans demonstrated increased alveolar ridge dimensions and bone density in the main group. Implant osseointegration one year after placement reached 100%. The total duration of surgical treatment in the main group before initiation of prosthetic rehabilitation was 12 ± 0.5 months. Conclusions: Comparative CT analysis demonstrated that six months after GBR with PRP, bone density increased on average by 22.7% in women and 21.4% in men. In contrast, after conventional GBR, bone density in the maxilla decreased by an average of 3.8% in women and 2.4% in men.
Guided bone regeneration; platelet-rich plasma; cone-beam computed tomography; partial edentulism; sinus lifting.
CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS: PATHOGENESIS, ITS IMPACT ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT, AND PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS
Congenital toxoplasmosis is a complex infectious-pathological condition caused by the vertical transmission of the Toxoplasma gondii parasite from mother to fetus, characterized by significant morphofunctional alterations and long-term complications during the perinatal period. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which the parasite crosses the fetoplacental barrier, its interaction with the immune system, and its tropism for fetal tissues. Primary maternal infection represents the highest risk factor for fetal involvement, with clinical outcomes varying depending on the gestational stage: early infection may result in spontaneous abortion or severe developmental anomalies, while later stages are often associated with subclinical progression followed by delayed neurological and ophthalmological complications. The parasite’s tropism for the central nervous system contributes to the development of the classical triad, including hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and chorioretinitis. Furthermore, immunopathological processes, inflammatory mediators, and intracellular persistence of the parasite play a critical role in disrupting normal fetal development. The article also highlights the importance of modern diagnostic approaches, including serological markers and molecular genetic testing, as well as the effectiveness of early detection and preventive treatment strategies. Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis relies on screening of pregnant women, enhancement of hygienic measures, and identification of high-risk groups [1,2].
Congenital toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, vertical transmission, intrauterine infection, pathogenesis, fetoplacental system, fetal development, perinatal complications, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, serological diagnostics, IgM, IgG avidity, PCR, screening, prevention.
THE PROCESS OF MATURATION OF T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYMUS: ANTIGEN INDEPENDENT IMMUNOGENESIS
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of antigen-independent T-lymphocyte maturation in the thymus at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. The research focuses on the differentiation stages of lymphoid progenitor cells, the genetic recombination of T-cell receptors (TCR), and the mechanisms of positive and negative selection that ensure immune tolerance. The findings indicate that thymic maturation is a highly regulated and selective process, in which approximately 95–98% of developing T-lymphocytes undergo apoptosis during selection. Only functionally competent and self-tolerant T-cells are allowed to enter peripheral circulation. The study also highlights the critical role of thymic microenvironment components, including epithelial and dendritic cells, in maintaining selection accuracy. In addition, age-related thymic involution was shown to significantly reduce the production of naïve T-cells, thereby affecting immune responsiveness. Statistical and comparative analyses confirm that disruptions in thymic selection mechanisms may lead to immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders. Overall, the results emphasize the essential role of antigen-independent immunogenesis in establishing central immune tolerance and maintaining immune system stability, providing a theoretical basis for further research in clinical immunology and immunopathology.
T-lymphocytes, thymus, antigen-independent immunogenesis, TCR recombination, thymic selection, apoptosis, immune tolerance, T-cell development.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CEPHALOSPORINS
Cephalosporins are β-lactam antimicrobials used to manage various infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The 5 generations of cephalosporins demonstrate efficacy in treating skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections. Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin that exhibits remarkable antibacterial activity.
GALLBLADDER AND METHODS OF ITS EXAMINATION
Diagnosis of the gallbladder and biliary tract is based primarily on the study of patients' complaints, anamnesis and the results of physical examination. Patients most often complain of the following: pain, dyspepsia, fever, chills, skin itching, jaundice. When determining the anamnesis, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the patient has previously had jaundice and acute diseases of the liver and gallbladder, attacks of colic, which may have triggered this disease of these organs (chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis and cholelithiasis)
HYPERTENSION TREATMENT. EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACHES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and management strategies of hypertension based on recent scientific evidence published between 2022 and 2025. The review highlights the role of vascular dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, and structural remodeling in the development of elevated blood pressure and subsequent target organ damage, including the heart, brain, and kidneys. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches are evaluated, emphasizing the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications such as dietary regulation, physical activity, and reduced alcohol intake, alongside evidence-based drug therapies. The importance of combination treatment strategies and individualized patient care is also discussed. Additionally, challenges related to resistant hypertension and treatment adherence are addressed. The findings underline the necessity of early diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and integrated management approaches to reduce complications and improve long-term clinical outcomes.
Hypertension, blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modification, target organ damage, treatment adherence.
An analysis of literature data and the results of our own research on the characteristics of the causative agent of bovine lumpy dermatitis (LD), distribution, clinical signs, cultivation, diagnosis and prevention of the disease are presented.
Lumpy skin disease virus, cattle, spread, diagnostics, disease clinical signs.
CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION)
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic infections in the world with a high percentage of chronic forms, which accordingly negatively affects the economic component of the healthcare systems of countries with a high prevalence of brucellosis. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of the course of acute brucellosis in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular in the Kashkadarya region. We examined 178 patients with clinical manifestations of acute brucellosis who sought medical care in regional medical institutions of the Kashkadarya region and republican clinics. Specific research methods were conducted by the ELISA method with the determination of IgM and IgG. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the programs "SPSS 20.0", "STATISTICA 6.0". Among patients with brucellosis, men predominate (75.00%), living in rural areas, which is due to the characteristics of the region associated with animal husbandry. It was established that acute brucellosis was 7.5 times more common among women aged 40 to 49 years (p<0.05), while in the group under 19 years of age, no cases of brucellosis among women were registered. The dominant routes of infection were contact (45.00% of patients with acute brucellosis), associated with the care of farm animals, and alimentary (32.5% of individuals), due to the consumption of insufficiently heat-treated dairy products. Among the studied group of patients with acute brucellosis, the most frequent clinical symptoms were fever — in 86.67% of individuals, general weakness — 87.50%, sweating — 70.00%, as well as arthralgia — 64.17%, while patients least often indicated myalgia and weight loss — 25.83% of individuals. We established that sacroiliitis and peripheral arthritis were 15.8 and 12 times more common among women than among men, respectively (p<0.05). The main changes in the general blood count and biochemical analysis are anemia (53.33%), increased ESR (72.50%), and increased ALT and AST (35.83% and 40.00%, respectively).
Acute brucellosis, transmission routes, hepatosplenomegaly, sacroiliitis.
IMPROVING THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS AFTER URANOPLASTY IN CHILDREN
This study is devoted to improving the prevention of inflammatory complications in children after uranoplasty. Congenital cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the maxillofacial region, and uranoplasty remains the main surgical method of treatment. In the postoperative period, inflammatory reactions, delayed wound healing, and suture dehiscence may occur, formation of a hematoma in the wound area. The study involved 30 patients who underwent uranoplasty. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group (15 patients) and a main group (15 patients). In addition to standard postoperative treatment, patients in the main group received magnetotherapy sessions. The results showed that the use of magnetotherapy reduced postoperative edema and hyperemia, accelerated wound healing, and significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative complications. The findings indicate that magnetotherapy can be considered an effective adjunct method for preventing inflammatory complications after uranoplasty in children.
Uranoplasty, congenital cleft palate, pediatric surgeon dentistry, postoperative complications, magnetotherapy, inflammation prevention
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MERCURY ON LIVING ORGANISMS
Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal with high toxicity and poses a significant threat to living organisms. This article discusses the harmful effects of mercury on human and animal health, its routes of exposure, bioaccumulation processes, and cellular toxicity mechanisms. Mercury severely affects the central nervous system, kidneys, and immune system. Methylmercury, in particular, is the most toxic form, entering the human body through the food chain. Studies have shown that mercury disrupts enzymatic systems, increases oxidative stress, and damages genetic material. This article highlights the importance of preventing mercury poisoning and ensuring environmental safety.
Mercury, heavy metals, toxicity, methylmercury, bioaccumulation, central nervous system, oxidative stress, poisoning, environmental hazard, enzymes.
MODERN APPROACHES TO ORGANIZING CIVIL PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIDEMICS AND BIOLOGICAL THREATS: LESSONS FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This article analyzes modern approaches to civil protection during epidemic and biological threat situations. The study examines the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and their implications for improving civil defense systems. Key areas investigated include early warning mechanisms, population protection protocols, interagency coordination, and the role of digital technologies in epidemic response. The analysis demonstrates that effective civil protection during biological emergencies requires integrated, multi-level systems combining medical, administrative, and technical capabilities. Based on international experience and Uzbekistan’s pandemic response, the article proposes recommendations for strengthening the national civil protection framework against biological threats.
Epidemic, biological threats, civil protection, pandemic, COVID-19, emergency management, biosafety, early warning system, quarantine measures, population protection.
CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LABORATORY MARKERS OF ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN THE KASHKADARYA REGION
This paper presents the results of a study on the characteristics of the course of acute brucellosis in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Data analysis was conducted on 120 patients selected from 178 individuals presenting with clinical signs of infection. A predominance of males was established among the cases (75.00%), which is attributed to the specifics of regional animal husbandry. The work details the routes of infection, gender differences in clinical manifestations, such as sacroiliitis, and key hematological changes.
Acute brucellosis, zoonotic infection, transmission routes, hepatosplenomegaly, sacroiliitis, Kashkadarya region.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PEDIATRIC HYMENOLEPIASIS: NEW PERSPECTIVES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
In this article, the prevalence of helminthiasis among 1st to 3rd-grade students of secondary schools in the Kasbi and Karshi districts of the Kashkadarya region was studied. Within the framework of the research, a total of 1,850 students from 24 schools underwent laboratory and epidemiological examinations. Analysis revealed significant differences between the regions: it was found that 17.7% of students in the Kasbi district and 26.2% in the Karshi district were infected with parasitic diseases. The article provides a structural analysis according to the types of helminthiasis identified. In both regions, hymenolepiasis (dwarf tapeworm) occupies the leading position; however, the higher incidence of taeniarhynchosis and ascariasis in the Karshi district indicates the need to strengthen food safety and sanitary control in the area. During the study, the hygienic conditions in schools and the level of children's sanitary culture were also investigated, and based on the results, practical recommendations aimed at reducing the level of invasion among school-aged children were developed.
Helminthiasis, parasitic invasion, hymenolepiasis, giardiasis, primary school students, Kashkadarya region, epidemiological control, taeniarhynchosis.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDIATRIC HYMENOLEPIASIS IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION AND THEIR OPTIMIZED DIAGNOSIS
In this study, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 158 children infected with hymenolepiasis, identified through epidemiological screening in 24 secondary schools in the Kasbi and Karshi districts of the Kashkadarya region, were investigated. The objective of the research is to analyze the clinical manifestations of parasitic invasion in the pediatric organism and to substantiate ways to increase treatment efficacy, taking into account immunological reactivity. The results showed that in 72% of children suffering from hymenolepiasis, the disease proceeds with clear clinical signs (dyspeptic, astheno-vegetative, and allergic syndromes). In laboratory analyses, persistent eosinophilia (46%) and hypochromic anemia (58%) were found to be dominant. The article analyzes the negative impact of the parasite on the immune system, especially the importance of restoring immune status in breaking the chain of repeated autoinvasion. At the conclusion of the study, an updated complex approach is proposed to increase treatment efficacy by enriching the traditional deworming course with immunomodulation and desensitization stages.
Hymenolepiasis, Hymenolepis nana, children, immune status, clinical-laboratory description, treatment efficacy, autoinvasion, Kashkadarya region.
ASSESSMENT OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN WITH PEDIATRIC VASCULITIS
IgA vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) is a common pediatric vasculitis characterized by systemic inflammation and multi-organ involvement. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the relationship between disease characteristics, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and health-related quality of life in affected children. Understanding these associations is crucial for optimizing patient management and improving long-term outcomes. To evaluate the impact of disease form, duration, and severity on autonomic nervous system function and quality of life in children with IgA vasculitis. Fifty children with IgA vasculitis (age range 5–11 years) were assessed. Disease characteristics, including clinical form, duration, and severity, were recorded. Autonomic nervous system function was evaluated using the Pediatric Autonomic Symptom Score (PASS), while quality of life was measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Patients were stratified according to disease form, duration (<1 year, 1–2 years, >2 years), and severity (mild, moderate, severe), and correlations between autonomic dysfunction and quality of life were analyzed. The study revealed a significant association between disease characteristics and autonomic dysfunction. Children with abdominal and mixed forms, longer disease duration, and more severe clinical course demonstrated higher PASS scores, indicating more pronounced autonomic imbalance. Quality of life scores progressively decreased with increasing disease duration and severity, particularly in physical and school functioning domains. A moderate-to-strong inverse correlation was observed between PASS and PedsQL scores, highlighting that increased autonomic dysfunction is associated with decreased quality of life. Disease form, duration, and severity are key determinants of autonomic dysfunction and reduced quality of life in children with IgA vasculitis. Comprehensive assessment, including evaluation of autonomic function and quality of life, is essential for early identification of at-risk patients and for optimizing management strategies. These findings underscore the importance of integrating functional assessments into routine clinical care for pediatric vasculitis.
IgA vasculitis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, children, autonomic nervous system, quality of life, PedsQL, PASS.
MIGRATION PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SPREAD OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN: A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children. In recent decades, migration has emerged as a significant factor influencing the epidemiology of TB. This review examines the relationship between migration processes and the spread of tuberculosis in children, focusing on biological, social, and healthcare-related determinants. Migrant children are exposed to multiple risk factors, including overcrowding, malnutrition, interrupted vaccination, and limited access to healthcare services, all of which contribute to increased susceptibility to TB infection and progression to active disease. Additionally, migration disrupts continuity of care and contributes to delayed diagnosis and treatment interruption, thereby facilitating ongoing transmission and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The review highlights the importance of integrated public health strategies, including early screening, vaccination coverage, improved living conditions, and cross-border healthcare coordination. Addressing migration-related determinants is essential for reducing the burden of pediatric tuberculosis and achieving global TB control goals.
Tuberculosis; children; migration; pediatric TB; public health; migrant health; TB transmission; risk factors; drug-resistant tuberculosis; global health.
NEUROINFLAMMATION AND COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
Axial spondylitis (AxSpA) is traditionally considered a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton. However, in recent years, its extraskeletal manifestations, including nervous system involvement in the form of cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation, have attracted the attention of researchers. In AxSpA , these manifestations are underpinned by a multifactorial pathogenesis: systemic and neuroinflammation, chronic pain, sleep disturbance, comorbid depression and anxiety, and the impact of drug therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize current data on the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical significance of cognitive impairment, and the role of neuroinflammation in AxSpA.
Axial spondyloarthritis, neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment.
In today's educational environment, medical students face a heavy academic workload, a significant amount of theoretical material, and constant psycho-emotional stress. This often leads to decreased physical activity, deterioration in overall health, development of chronic fatigue, and an increased risk of various diseases. This article examines the role of physical activity as a key factor in maintaining the health of medical students. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the impact of regular physical activity on the body's functional state, performance, and stress resilience. This article examines such types of physical activity as aerobic exercise, strength training, and active recreation, as well as their impact on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. It emphasizes that moderate and systematic physical activity contributes to improved cognitive function, increased concentration, and academic performance. The paper also analyzes the main causes of insufficient student physical activity, including time constraints, intense study schedules, lack of motivation, and a lack of accessible sports infrastructure. There is evidence that regular physical exercise helps reduce anxiety levels, prevent stress, and promote a healthy lifestyle.
HISTOLOGICAL MARKERS OF OLIGODENDROCYTE PRECURSOR CELL (OPC) DIFFERENTIATION AND MYELIN REPAIR AFTER CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY
The central nervous system (CNS) possesses a delicate yet robust system for maintaining and restoring its structural and functional integrity. One of the most studied mechanisms of repair after injury is remyelination, a process that is fundamentally dependent on the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. Understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of OPC differentiation and remyelination is crucial for the design of therapies to treat demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis and acute CNS traumas such as spinal cord injury or stroke.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, OPC differentiation, remyelination, central nervous system injury, histological markers, myelin repair, NG2 glia, PDGFRα, MBP, Olig2, CNS regeneration.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE BY MEDICAL WORKERS
This article, which consists of a literature review, analyzes the results of studies presented in scientific articles and literature published over the past five years aimed at improving the occupational health of healthcare workers, and draws conclusions. The article examines factors related to emotional fatigue, stress, and the health of healthcare workers. To determine the level of healthy lifestyles among the population and morbidity rates, behavioral assessment criteria were studied. The level of adherence to healthy lifestyles among healthcare workers employed in healthcare institutions was studied, and a healthy lifestyle campaign was conducted among them. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important for physical and mental health and ensuring work efficiency, but the high workload of healthcare workers, night shifts, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity have led to serious health problems. A number of studies conducted by scientists have proven that an unhealthy lifestyle leads to excess weight, emotional stress, and a reduced quality of life. The above data indicate the need to create conditions for regular adherence to the rules of a healthy lifestyle in the workplace in order to maintain the health and improve the efficiency of healthcare workers.
Preventive medicine, healthy eating, healthy lifestyle, professional stress, obesity, excess weight, burn out.
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL-HYGIENIC FACTORS, DIETARY PATTERNS, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN WOMEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a fundamental factor in cardiometabolic risk and reproductive dysfunction among women. This review article analyzes the impact of socio-hygienic environments, dietary habits (alimentation), and hypodynamia (physical inactivity) on the development of MetS. Research findings indicate that chronic psychosocial stress and unfavorable social conditions significantly escalate the risk of MetS. While the prevalence of high-calorie foods in the diet increases the risk, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables combined with regular physical exercise serves as an effective protective measure. The article highlights the necessity of a comprehensive approach to promoting a healthy lifestyle and reducing MetS risks in women.
Metabolic syndrome, women’s health, socio-hygienic factors, alimentation, hypodynamia, reproductive dysfunction, cardiometabolic risk, healthy lifestyle.
THE ROLE OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN CHILDREN
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children remains one of the most challenging and devastating pediatric cardiac conditions, with implications ranging from chronic disability to death. The disorder is characterized by the dilation and impaired contraction of one or both ventricles, ultimately leading to systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Understanding its multifactorial etiology has been an intense focus of pediatric cardiology, and among the many contributors to the disease, the immune system — both innate and adaptive — has emerged as a crucial determinant in its onset and progression. Delineating how the two pillars of immunity interact, escalate, or fail to control the pathological process is essential to designing effective diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
Dilated cardiomyopathy, children, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, myocardium, autoimmunity, immune response, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, inflammation.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common toxic gases formed during incomplete combustion and poses a serious threat to both human and animal health. The main pathogenic mechanism of carbon monoxide is associated with its high affinity to hemoglobin, leading to tissue hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia may cause structural and functional alterations in various organs and tissues. However, the effect of carbon monoxide on the female reproductive system, particularly on uterine tissues, remains insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to investigate morphological and morphometric changes in the uterus under chronic exposure to carbon monoxide in experimental animals.
Carbon monoxide, uterus, morphology, hypoxia, experimental study, reproductive organ
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POPLITEAL LYMPH NODES IN WHITE OUTBRED RATS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
The study investigates age-dependent histochemical and morphometric changes in peripheral lymph nodes of white outbred rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Alsian blue staining revealed reactive-proliferative and reparative processes in young (3-month-old) rats, moderate compensatory activity in middle-aged (12-month-old) rats, and predominance of fibrotic and involutional changes in older (18-month-old) rats. Age-related accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in stroma, trabeculae, and sinus walls reflects chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. The findings highlight dynamic structural and functional adaptations of lymph nodes in autoimmune pathology, providing insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral lymph nodes, Alsian blue, histochemistry, morphometry, glycosaminoglycans, immune response, tissue remodeling.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THYMUS AND BONE MARROW OF OUTBRED RATS DURING POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS
This study investigated the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the thymus and bone marrow in outbred rats during postnatal ontogenesis. Histological and morphometric analyses were performed on tissues obtained from newborn, 2-month-old, and 4-month-old rats of the control group. The results revealed age-dependent structural changes characterized by gradual thickening of the thymic capsule and trabeculae, development of vascular components, redistribution of thymocytes between cortical and medullary zones, and signs of early involution processes. Morphometric indicators confirmed progressive structural maturation and functional reorganization of central immune organs during postnatal development. The obtained data may serve as baseline reference values for further experimental and immunomorphological studies.
thymus, bone marrow, postnatal ontogenesis, outbred rats, morphology, morphometry, age-related changes, immune system development.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE MONITORING OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY
This article highlights the clinical significance of modern non-invasive diagnostic methods in the diagnosis and monitoring of Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). It analyzes the role of transient elastography and serum biomarkers (specifically, humoral factors) in the early detection of hepatotoxicity developing against the background of polypharmacy, and in the assessment of necroinflammatory and fibrotic processes. The main focus is on diagnostic algorithms that provide a s1.afe and dynamic monitoring alternative to liver biopsy.
drug-induced liver injury, DILI, non-invasive diagnostics, elastometry, biomarkers, humoral factors, hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis, propaedeutics of internal diseases.
AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IN THE INTERNAL MEDICINE CLINIC: PROBLEMS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by immune system-mediated damage to the liver parenchyma, hypergammaglobulinemia, and the appearance of tissue-specific autoantibodies. Today, a global increase in the prevalence of AIH is observed in internal medicine clinics. Because the disease often begins latently or with non-specific symptoms (asthenia, arthralgia, dyspepsia), patients present to a general practitioner or gastroenterologist late—at the stage of established liver cirrhosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and proper differential diagnosis at the primary healthcare level remain an urgent problem.
ETIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION, AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTROPHIC GINGIVITIS: A CLINICAL REVIEW
Hypertrophic gingivitis (HG) is a proliferative periodontal disorder characterized by the enlargement of the gingival tissues. This condition poses significant challenges to oral hygiene maintenance and aesthetic harmony. This article reviews the multifaceted etiology of HG, distinguishing between its edematous and fibrous clinical manifestations. We evaluate current diagnostic protocols and therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the shift toward minimally invasive laser surgery and the necessity of managing underlying systemic triggers.
Hypertrophic Gingivitis, Gingival Hyperplasia, Periodontology, Dental Plaque, Gingivectomy, Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth, Endocrine Periodontitis.